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Definition: A formula which indicates the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of different elements present in a compound is called an empirical formula. How to Determine Empirical Formula: 1:  First, calculate the percentage of each element present in a compound. 2:  Divide the percentage of each element by its atomic mass to get the number of moles of each element. 3:  Divide number of moles of each element by least value to get simple whole number ratio of atoms. 4:  If atomic ratios are in fractions, multiply these by a suitable number to get simple whole number ratio. 5:  Write atomic ratios of elements below their symbols to get the empirical formula. To understand let's take an example Example: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contains 40.92 % carbon, 4.58% hydrogen and 54.5 % of oxygen by mass. Now we calculate or determine the empirical formula from the above data.                      mass of C = 40.92%                      mass of H = 4.58%                      mass of O = 54.

Definition:                 A molecule, atom or species having a positive or negative charge is called an ion. Types of Ions.                      Ions are two types a) Positive Ions or Cations  b) Negative Ions or Anions a) Positive Ion or Cation:                                          A species which has a positive charge is called positive ion Cation. When atoms lose one or more electrons, positive ions are formed. A sufficient amount of energy is supplied to a neutral atom, then the atom loses an electron to form a positive ion. For this reason, the formation of a positive ion is an endothermic process.         A     + Energy ---------------------> A     +    1e  =  +ve Cations may have +1, +2, +3, +4 charges. It depends upon the number of electrons lost. Great energy is required to produce a greater charge. Positive ions are attracted towards the cathode, so they called cations. Cations are smaller in size than their parents' atoms due to the decrease in the electronic cl

Molecule:                The smallest particle of an element or compound which can exist independently is called molecule.               It is made up of two or more atoms of similar or different elements. Atomicity:                  The number of atoms present in a molecule is called its atomicity. Types of molecules  Monoatomic Molecules:                                      A molecule having only one atom is called monoatomic molecule. Diatomic Molecules:                                  A molecule having two atoms, similar or different is called diatomic molecule. Homonuclear diatomic Molecules:                                                     A molecule having two similar atoms is called homonuclear diatomic molecule. Heteronuclear diatomic Molecule:                                                     A molecule having the different elements is called heteronuclear diatomic molecule.   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For further

Ahmed Faraz was a well-known poet. The real name of his was Syed Ahmed Shah. His father name was Masood Kausar. He studied at Edward College. He received Masters degrees in Urdu and Persian from Peshawar University. He born in Kohat. Date of birth his is 12 January 1931. He died on 25 August 2008 in Islamabad. He was famous for modern poetry. The poem SUNA HE LOOG USAY AANKH BHR K in his book Khwab-i-Gul Preshan Further Study about Faraz Click on it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Faraz Get True Knowledge

Here we discuss the size and mass of an atom. Size of atom: First, we discuss the size of an atom. It has been observed by the x-ray work in the 20th century,  that size of atoms is so small that it can be imagined by the following calculations. a) The diameter of the atom is of the is of the order 2 multiply 10 over raised power -10 m . in nanometers 0.2 nanometer. b) A man breathes approximately 10 power raised to 5 million atoms in a deep breath. c) If atoms are joined together in a line, two million atoms will be required to cover a full stop.