Ions | Types of Ions | How Ions Formed | Cations, Anions

Definition:

                A molecule, atom or species having a positive or negative charge is called an ion.
Types of Ions.
                     Ions are two types
a) Positive Ions or Cations b) Negative Ions or Anions

a) Positive Ion or Cation:

                                         A species which has a positive charge is called positive ion Cation. When atoms lose one or more electrons, positive ions are formed. A sufficient amount of energy is supplied to a neutral atom, then the atom loses an electron to form a positive ion. For this reason, the formation of a positive ion is an endothermic process.
        A     + Energy ---------------------> A     +    1e  =  +ve
Cations may have +1, +2, +3, +4 charges. It depends upon the number of electrons lost. Great energy is required to produce a greater charge. Positive ions are attracted towards the cathode, so they called cations. Cations are smaller in size than their parents' atoms due to the decrease in the electronic cloud. The most common and simple cation are metal ions.


b) Negative Ion or Anion

                                            A molecule, atom which has a negative charge is called negative ion or anion.
When one or more electrons are added to an isolated neutral atom, anions are formed. Energy is released when an electron is added to a neutral isolated atom to form a uni-negative ion. Hence it is an exothermic process. 
       B    +    1e   ---------------->  B     +   energy
Anion may have -1, -2, -3, -4 charge. It depends upon the number of electrons added. Negative ions are attracted towards the anode,  so they are called anions. Anions are larger than their parent atoms due to the increase in an electronic cloud.
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